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The Basics

For many Indigenous nations, the circle represents all of life on earth (Creation). Humans do not occupy a place above the other parts of Creation. We do not have “dominion” over anything other than ourselves. In other words, we the two-legged, are equal to the four-legged, the no-legged, the rooted nations, the water nations, the winged nations, the ones that crawl, the ones that burrow, the ones we can’t see and so on. All are equal in the circle.

Many Indigenous nations recognize this equality by offering gifts and giving “thanks” when they take something from Creation be it an animal for food, a plant for medicine or a tree for clothing or transportation. Since we all depend on the other elements in Creation, we have a responsibility to take care of each other. This caring for all of Creation is a daily life practice. Many of the ceremonies and practices that we use are intended to maintain the balance of all life in the circle to All my Relations…

When settlers came to North America they equated these practices with “religion”. However, these duties and responsibilities that Indigenous people perform to maintain balance in their own lives and all of Creation are not a religion but rather a way of life. With colonization, many Indigenous practices were outlawed and many have been lost. Today, in recognizing that Indigenous land was unceded, many non-Indigenous institutions have affirmed Indigenous access to traditional practices in their buildings.

A Deeper Look

Videos & Artwork

in Nova Scotia that mentions how Kluskap taught the Mi’kmaq to live in harmony with all Creation.

Here is the represented in a circle with different parts of the ecosystem. It was developed as part of a SSHRC research project to bring together scientific knowledge from Mi’kmaq and western processes at .

Articles

Gwen Bear, elder in residence at UNB and respected art instructor from the New Brunswick College of Craft and Design speaks about the importance of harmonious living in the Wolastoqey tradition. .

Mi’kmaq scholar, Margaret Robinson discusses the notion of “animal personhood” in Mi’kmaq world view in this article:

Robinson, M. (2014). Animal personhood in Mi’kmaq perspective. Societies, 4(4), 672-688.

Journal Articles and Books

Mi’kmaq/Acadian theologian Terry LeBlanc, in his 2012 doctoral dissertation, looks at 17^th and 18^th century writings to explore the religion vs. spirituality question. He noted that the Jesuits approached religion through cognition (thinking and reasoning) while the Mi’kmaq used intuition and engagement with nature.

• LeBlanc, T. (2012). Mi'kmaq and French/Jesuit Understandings of the Spiritual and Spirituality: Implications for Faith. Asbury Theological Seminary.

Zabrina Whitman’s 2013 master’s thesis takes on the very modern debate between economic development and traditional Mi’kmaq values of sustainability.

• Whitman, Z. (2013). Finding Balance: Determining The Relationship Between “Economic Development," Traditional Knowledge and Natural Resource Management in the Context of the Nova Scotia Mi’kmaq (Doctoral dissertation).